Quiz 8

Quiz 8	Past modals would have, should have, could have You can use these past modals to talk hypothetically about the past
Q1. Read what Alice says about her career. How might life have been different? Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
“I applied for an internship at a public relations company after college. At the end of my interview, they offered me a job. Now, twenty years later, I’m still there, and I’m vice president.” - Alice 1.  If Alice wouldn’t / hadn’t applied for an internship at the company, she hadn’t have / wouldn’t have gotten a job there. 2.  If she wouldn’t have / hadn’t stayed at the company so long, she might not / hadn’t have become vice president. 3.  What would have / had happened if Alice would have / had gone to work at another company? 4.  If she had / hadn’t left the company, she could have / had had a successful career, though. 5.  Would she had / have become a president somewhere else?
Q1. Consider this situation: Yesterday, Dan bought an expensive car without talking to his wife, Regina. Regina got upset and yelled at him. Dan did not respond. He got up and left the house. Write sentences about how these people could have reacted differently. Use the words in parentheses and Past Modals.
Dan Example: (talk / with her about it first).  Dan could have talked with her about it first. 1. (not / leave the house)       ___________________________________________________ Regina 2.  (stay / calm)                      ___________________________________________________ 3. (not yell / at Dan)                ____________________________________________ Some people                          ______________________________________________ 4. (react / differently)               _______________________________________________ 5. (not have / an argument)    ________________________________________________
You can use these past modals to speculate about the past.
Q1. John e-mailed Susan a week ago, and she did not answer his message. He is speculating about what happened. Rewrite the sentences using Past Modals.
Example:  I bet they got tied up in traffic.  They must have gotten tied up in traffic. 1.  It’s possible she went on vacation. (may)      ____________________________________ 2.  Maybe she didn’t receive it. (might)                 ___________________________________ 3.  It’s possible she was sick. (could)                    ___________________________________ 4.  Maybe I didn’t get her response. (might)       ____________________________________ 5.  It’s not possible she ignored it. (could)         _____________________________________ 6.  I bet I had the wrong address. (must)           ____________________________________
Q2. Complete the matching sentence with a modal verb that has the same meaning as the expression in the model sentence.
Example: I’m absolutely sure that Mika went to the club.                 Mika must have gone to the club.
1.   I suppose it’s possible Michael started working there. 2.   It’s possible they left last night. 3.   I’m sure he didn’t do it. 4.   It’s not possible he left without saying goodbye. 5.  I think that she dated him. 6.  I’m not sure if she went to the party last nignt. 7.  It’s impossible that they won the lottery. 8.  I’m abosolutely positive she told him. 9.  I guess they sold it. 10.  It’s not possible they quit their job.		1.  Michael ___ (start) working there. (must) 2.  They _______ (leave) last night. (could) 3.  He _________________ (do) it. (must) 4.  He ___________ (leave) without saying goodbye. (could) 5.  She ____________ (date) him. (could/may/might) 6.  She ____________ (go) to the party last night.(may/might) 7.  They ________ (win) the lottery.(could) 8.  She _____________ (tell) him.(must) 9.  They ___________ (sell) it.(may/might) 10.  They __________ (quit) their job.(could)
Vocabulary
Q1. Circle the correct word to complete each sentence.
1.  I’m decisive / honest / grief. I know what I want.  2.  I’m not impulsive /guilty / ashamed. I think before I act. 3.  My main motivation / confidence / empathy in life is to make myself and my friends happy. 4.  Jealousy / aggression / anger is not part of my life. I am not a jealous person. 5.  You shouldn’t set goals for yourself that you can’t achieve. You need to be more decisive / impulsive / realistic. 6.  I don’t get angry / happiness / honesty if people disagree with me. 7.  If I have a problem, I always talk with Carmen. I know she’ll be ashamed / sympathetic/ jealous and give me good advice. 8.  Tom has a lot of self-awareness / honesty / determination. If he decides he wants to do something, nothing will stop him from doing it.

Noun	Adjective		Noun			Adjective
1.  agrression	aggressive		10.    intelligence			intelligent
2.  anger	angry		11.      jealousy			jealous
3.  confidence	Confident		12.    motivation			motivated
4.  depression	depressed		13.      realism			realistic
5.  determination	determined		14.    sadness			sad
6.  flexibility	flexible		15.      self-discipline			self-disciplined
7.  guilt	guilty		16.    sensitivity			sensitive
8.  happiness	happy		17.      shame			ashamed
9.  honesty	honest		18.    Sympathy			sympathetic
READING COMPREHENSION
Q1.   Read the article carefully.
The effects of Guilt Everyone experiences guilt from time to time. We do something-accidentally or deliberately-that may have been wrong, and we have negative or guilty feelings. Guilty feelings are very powerful and can have good or bad consequences. When gilt is appropriate, these feelings can be very useful. It is appropriate to feel guilty when we have actually hurt or upset someone. In this situation, guilty feelings help us correct our mistakes. For example, if we have hurt someone, our guilt can prompt us to apologize. In this way, we become better people. On the other hand, when guilt is inappropriate, it has no purpose and just makes people feel bad about themselves. For instance, as children, many people were told that they had to finish all the food on their dinner plates. Their parents got them to eat by telling them about other children who didn’t  have enough food. They learned to eat seven when they weren’t hungry-so that they wouldn’t feel guilty. As a result, many adults are still in the habit of eating every bite of food on their plates to avoid feeling guilty. In cases like this, guilty feelings are inappropriate, and can sometimes even be destructive.
Read the statements and check (√) true, false, or it doesn’t say.				True	False		It doesn’t say.
1.  Guilt always has a negative effect on a person.
2.  Guilt can help people learn from their mistakes.
3.  Parents usually have guilty feelings.
4.  Some people overeat because they feel guilty.
Q2.  Read the article carefully.
Empathy Empathy is the ability to understand another person’s thoughts and feelings. Empathetic people really can, as they say, “put themselves in someone else’s shoes.” Empathy is not the same thing as sympathy. While both words refer to the ability to understand another person’s emotions, sympathy is less complex. It usually just means the ability to feel sorry for someone. (And feeling sympathy is not necessarily even kind – because sympathetic people may actually feel superior to the individuals they feel sorry for.) On the other hand, empathy requires you to actually experience the thoughts and emotions of the other person. The process seems to be fairly simple: when we observe another person ( their movements, facial expressions, or voice), our own bodies react in a similar way, and we recreate this same emotion within ourselves. We know that this ability appears quite early in life. For example, babies only a few months old react to their mother’s smile or frown by smiling or frowning back. By the age of two, children may show signs of “feeling” another person’s joy or pain. For example, if  someone near them cries, they may suddenly become quiet and appear to be very sad themselves – even though they probably don’t know why they feel this way. They may even try to comfort the other person by patting the person on the arm or shoulder.
Read the statements and check ( √  ) true, false, or it doesn’t say.				True	False		It doesn’t say.
1.  Empathy is a simpler emotion than sympathy.
2.  Most people’s emotions are limited.
3.  Empathy means actually experiencing the same emotion as another person.
4.  A two-year-old child can understand when people are sad.
Writing
Write a paragraph about the most important events in your life. For example, When people told you something. Use past Modals and everything learned in class as well as third conditional. Use the grammar of units 8,9, and 10. (80 words)
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________